ملـــكـش حـــــــق
ملكش حق فحب قلبى ملكش حق فحلم عمرى حتى الهنا ملكش فيه من بعد الطيبه انا قلبى قادر احكم عليه ازى يحبك ازاى يبحولك بحب عمره
ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER
شوبنهاور
ولد في دانتزيغ المانيا سنة 1788 وتوفي والده وهو في السادسة عشرة من عمره ،
فلم يأخذ مكان والده في التجارة بل انصرف الى التحصيل، وبعد فترة قضاها
في جامعة برلين اقام في دردسن ووضع كتابه
( العالم كأرادة وفكرة ) الذي ظهر في عام 1818. ولعل كتابات شوبنهاور
فيما بعدكانت محط جدال للفلسفة التي قال بها ووضع اسسها في ذلك الوقت،
وقد صدرت طبعة ثانية من هذا المؤلف سنة 1844.
فيلسوف التشاؤم الالماني ارثور شوبنهاور . مما عرف عنه انه كان يتكلم الى نفسه
بصوت عالِ اثناءمشيه في الطريق ، وكان يعتقد
( ان الرجل العظيم ليس هو الفاتح بل ذاك الذي يفضل الموت على البقاء )
ولكنه تجابن عندما تفشى مرض الكوليرا في برلين ، ومن ثم وباء الجدري
في نابولي ايطاليا ، وكان شديد المحافظة على نفسه وحياته ،
وقضى آخر سنة من عمره في فرانكفورت في خوف مستمر من القتل والسرقة ،
وقد مات وهو على مائدة الفطار في العشرين من ايلول سنة 1860
بعد ان دخل الشهرة من بابها الواسع التي
سعى اليها طيلة حياته ،
شوبنهاور الفيلسوف المتشائم اعطى الفلسفة وعلمها للأجيال ،
كان غريب الأطوار لا يريد احد ان يدخل غرفته وكثيرا ما كان يسجن نفسه عدة شهور
حيث تبقى والدته حوالي ثلاثة ايام حتى يُاذن لها بالدخول على باب الغرفة ،
ويروى عنه انه قد كسر يد خادمته لأنه رأها ترتب له سرير
ابن النفيس
ابن النفيس
ولد فى دمشق عام 1210 م وتوفى بالقاهرة سنة 1288 م . خالف جالينوس
واكتشف الدورة الدموية الصغرى تلقى علوم العربية و المنطق و الفلسفة فى دمشق
على أيدى علمائها وتتلمذ فى الطب على يد أستاذه " مهذب الدين عبد الرحيم " المسمى " بالدخوار "
وكان يعمل رئيسا لأطباء ديار مصر والشام . حيث كانت طرق تعليم الطب وقتها
تعتمد على متابعة مظاهر المرض وتطوره و استجابة المريض للعلاج ،
ثم إبداء الرأى بحرية تامة سواء من الأساتذة أو طلبة العلم .
ويمكن أن يقال أن ابن النفيس نشأ فى هذا الجو العلمى الصحيح ،
وحينما انتقل إلى القاهرة ، عمل فى البيمارستان الناصرى ،
الذى أنشأه الناصر صلاح الدين الأيوبى .. وتدرج فى مناصبه حتى شغل منصب رئيسا لأطباء مصر .
كان ابن النفيس دائم التجربة ، لا يقتنع برأى إلا بعد التأكد منه ..
أوصى بتشريح الحيوانات وفتح بذلك الطريق إلى علم من أهم العلوم الطبية
وهو " علم التشريح المقارن " ، وكان من نتائج ذلك أن توصل إلى اكتشافات
طبية مذهلة ، وعلى رأس هذه الاكتشافات يأتى اكتشاف
" الدورة الدموية الصغرى " .. وقوله أن الدم ينقى فى الرئتين كان قبل
أن يقوله سرفيتوس الأسبانى بثلاثة قرون . كما عرض بذلك كل من سبقوه
من العلماء بما فيهم " جالينوس " .
وتتلخص نظرية ابن النفيس بخصوص الدورة الدموية ،
فى أن الدم يخرج من البطين الأيمن فى القلب إلى الرئة ،
وهناك يمتزج بالهواء ثم يعود إلى البطين الأيسر ..
وهكذا أصبح ابن النفيس ، الأستاذ الأول و الأكبر للعالم البريطانى
" هارفى " الذى خطا خطوة جديدة معتمدا فى ذلك على اكتشاف ابن النفيس ،
وكشف سنة 1628 م عن الدورة الدموية الكبرى .
وللصدفة العجيبة أن الاكتشاف العبقرى لأبن النفيس ،
لم يكتشف ولم يعرف إلا بعد موته بسبعة قرون ، وعلى يد طالب مصرى يدعى
" محى الدين التطاوى " ولد سنة 1896 وذهب إلى ألمانيا ليدرس الطب سنة 1920 م ،
وعثر بالصدفة خلال مطالعته فى مكتبة برلين على مخطوط بعنوان
" شرح تشريح القانون ".. وكان هذا المخطوط من أهم مؤلفات ابن النفيس ،
والذى كان قد ضمنه اكتشافه المذهل .
اعتنى الطالب المصرى محى الدين التطاوى بكتاب ابن النفيس وضمنه
رسالته لنيل الدكتوراة والتى أسماها " الدورة الموية تبعا للقرشى " ،
وهنا كانت المفاجأة التى أدهشت أساتذته المشرفين عليه .
ومما يذكر لأبن النفيس فى اكتشافاته المذهلة التى ذكرها فى كتابه أن جدران
أوردة الرئة أسمك من شرايينها كما أكد عدم وجود منفذ بين البطينين ،
مخالفا بذلك ما كان يعتقده جالينوس ..
هذا هو ابن النفيس الطبيب العربى النابغة ، الذى أزاح الستار عن
كثير من الوظائف الفسيولوجية للجسم ، فتحت الطريق أمام العلماء
لكى نصل إلى ما وصلنا إليه اليوم من تقدم فى مجال الطب .
JOHN DEWEY
ديوي
الفيلسوف الاميركي ديوي ولد عام 1859 وتوفى سنة 1952
انه فيلسوف ومربي متحرر الذي ساهم بنشاطه العلمي في بناء
حضارة العالم الجديد ، وقد كانت لنظرياته ابلغ الأثر في حقول التربية ، والسياسة ،
والعلاقات الدولية ، وحقوق المرأة ، وعلم النفس ، واحوال العمال ، والحريات المدنية .
كان ابنا لاحد المزارعين في ولاية فرمونت ، ولكنه كان يتميّز عن اقرانه بقوة الارادة التي لا تلين ،
ومواهب فذة ، وكثير الاحلام والمطامح التي كانت تراوده . درس الفلسفة بتفوق عظيم ،
ونال الدكتوراه من جامعة دجون هوبكنز وزاول التدريس في جامعة متشيغن ،
ثم التحق بجامعة شيكاغو ( 1894 ) حيث بدأ نجمه يلمع في عالمي الفكر والتربية ،
وقد انشأ في هذه الجامعة مختبره العلمي او مدرسته الاختبارية لامتحان
فعالية نظرياته في التربية ، في التربية التقدمية الحرة التي تهدف
الى تهيئة الفرصة امام الفرد ليجع من نفسه عضوا عاملا في المجتمع ،
وكانت نظرياته هذه ترتكز على فكرة نمو الفرد بطريقة ايجابية ، ومن اقواله:
ان الفكرة هي ذات قيمة عندماتكون ذات قيمة للانسان كفرد،
وذات فائدة للمجتمع بصورة عامة.
الفيلسوف الاميركي ديوي ولد عام 1859 وتوفى سنة 1952
انه فيلسوف ومربي متحرر الذي ساهم بنشاطه العلمي في بناء
حضارة العالم الجديد ، وقد كانت لنظرياته ابلغ الأثر في حقول التربية ، والسياسة ،
والعلاقات الدولية ، وحقوق المرأة ، وعلم النفس ، واحوال العمال ، والحريات المدنية .
كان ابنا لاحد المزارعين في ولاية فرمونت ، ولكنه كان يتميّز عن اقرانه بقوة الارادة التي لا تلين ،
ومواهب فذة ، وكثير الاحلام والمطامح التي كانت تراوده . درس الفلسفة بتفوق عظيم ،
ونال الدكتوراه من جامعة دجون هوبكنز وزاول التدريس في جامعة متشيغن ،
ثم التحق بجامعة شيكاغو ( 1894 ) حيث بدأ نجمه يلمع في عالمي الفكر والتربية ،
وقد انشأ في هذه الجامعة مختبره العلمي او مدرسته الاختبارية لامتحان
فعالية نظرياته في التربية ، في التربية التقدمية الحرة التي تهدف
الى تهيئة الفرصة امام الفرد ليجع من نفسه عضوا عاملا في المجتمع ،
وكانت نظرياته هذه ترتكز على فكرة نمو الفرد بطريقة ايجابية ، ومن اقواله:
ان الفكرة هي ذات قيمة عندماتكون ذات قيمة للانسان كفرد،
وذات فائدة للمجتمع بصورة عامة.
SOERN KIERKEGAARD
كيركيغارد
لقد قال قبل وفاته :
(بعد موتي سيقرأ الناس كتبي، ولعلهم سيقرأونها كثيرا)
انه الفيلسوف كيركيغارد التي لم تقُرأ مؤلفات بمثل هذا الشغف .
والتي صبغ اسمه بالتشاؤم ايضا بعد شوبنهاور ، انه فيلسوف لاهوتي وجودي ولد في الدنمارك (1813 – 1855 )
وسورين كان احد ابناء تجار كوبنهاغن الاغنياء ، وكان هو اعز صديق
لولده الذي عاش ايامه بالايمان والتقوى ،شديد التمسك بالدين ومع ذلك
ظل طول حياته معذبا ،قلق النفس الى حد جعل يعتقد
(( ان الله ليس خيرّا لغاية الخير )) طالما ان والده لم يجد في الدنيا راحة النفس والبال .
في سنة 1830 التحق بجامعة كوبنهاغن لدراسة اللاهوت ،
وكان قد اكتشف منذ حداثته عالما خياليا يحتل فيه المكانة الاولى
في حياته ،وبعد عدة سنوات من دخوله الجامعة كتب في مذكراته .
( ان ابلغ المآسي سنو ما يظل غامضاً، مغلقاعلىالفهم )،
لذلك كانت حياة السيد المسيح انبل مأساة في تاريخ الانسانية ،
وقد فاز بالدكتوراه في اللاهوت على رسالته ( مفهوم السخرية )
في سنة 1840 عقد خطبته على الآنسة ريجين اولسن ،
وكانت في السادسة عشرة من العمر وكانت تختلف عنه من حيث روحها المرحة
في حين كان هو دائم القلق والاضطراب كوالده ،
ولكن هذه الخطبة سرعان ما انفصمت دون افصاح الاسباب ودون موافقة الفتاة
وبعدها اخذ يحيا حياة عابثة صاخبة لا تتفق وطبيعته
قد وضع قراءة في كتابه الاول امام اسلوبين في الحياة عليهم الاختبار :
الجمال او الأخلاق … فالآخذ بالجمال انسان يحيا بحواسه ويرتبط بالحياة المادية ،
ويظل دائما نهبا للقلق ، لأنه انسان خالد وزائل معا ، فاذا اهمل الخلودحكم
على نفسه باليأس ومن هذا اليأس ينشأ الاختبار ،
ويختار الانسان ان يكون مخلصا لنفسه ويسلم جهوده من الغايات
ويتحمل مسؤولياتها .. وذلك هو الإتجاه الاخلاقي .
كيركيغارد كتب لكي يثبت كيانه الفلسفي ولم يكتب يوما ليثبت عيشه
بدأ معركة عنيفة ضد الكنيسة الدنماركية مدفوعا باعتقاد بعدم مسيحية
هذه الكنيسة التي يديرها مأجورون من الدولة ،ولم تقتصر معركته
على القساوسة فحسب بل تعدتهم الى الكنيسة ذاتها .
وبقدر ما غضب رجال الدين وقتئذ ابتهج الشباب وصفقوا له ،
لم يعش كيركيغارد طويلا بل مات وهو في العقد الخامس من عمره
بعد ان تعب من الديون وتعب من صحته ،فوقع بغتة على الطريق فنقل
المستشفى وقبل ان يفارق الحياة كتب الى صديقه الأب ( برش )
في رسالة جاء فيها : تحية مني للبشر جميعا . فلقد احببتهم
سقــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــراط
ولد سقراط عام (470 ق.م - 399 ق.م) هو فيلسوف كلاسيكي يوناني، من مؤسسي الفلسفة الغربية ، شخصية غامضة لا يعرفها إلا من خلال روايات كلاسيكية من طلابه وحوارات أفلاطون، اشتهر بفلسفة الأخلاق والمعرفة.
من أبرز أقواله
لا ينبغى ان نهتم يما يقوله الرعاع عنا , بل يجب ان نهتم بما يقوله من يعرف الحق والعدل ، وهو القاضى الوحيد لجميع افعالنا، الا وهو الله.
المعرفة هي الخير والجهل هو الشر.
خلق الله لنا أذنين ولساناً واحداً ، لنسمع أكثر مما نقول !.
بالنسبة لي ، كل ما أعرفه هو أني لا أعرف شيءًا.
الحياة من دون ابتلاء لا تستحق العيش.
الحكمة الحقيقية تأتي لكل واحد منا عندما يدرك أننا نفهم قليلاً عن الحياة ، وأنفسنا ، والعالم من حولنا.
الحكمة تبدأ بالدهشة.
الناس عديمو القيمة يعيشوا ليأكلوا ويشربوا ؛ والناس ذو القيمة يأكلوا ويشربوا ليعيشوا .
كن بطيئًا في الوقوع في الصداقة ، ولكن عندما تقع ، واصل بحزم وثبات.
وبكل الوسائل ، تزوج . إذا حصلت على زوجة جيدة ، فسوف تصبح سعيدًا ؛ إذا حصلت على واحدة سيئة ، فسوف تصبح فيلسوفًا.
الموت قد يكون أعظم من كل نعم الإنسان.
من الرغبات العميقة غالبًا ما تأتي الكراهية الفتاكة.
الأغنى هو من يقتنع بالقليل .
لو أن رجلاً أراد أن يفتخر بثروته، فإنه يجب أن لا يُمدح حتى يعرف كيف يوظفها .
دع الذي يريد أن يحرك العالم أن يحرك نفسه أولاً.
ليست الحياة ، بل الحياة الكريمة ، لتكون على رأس الأولوية.
لمرة واحدة لو قدمت المرأة متساوية مع الرجل ، ستصبح رئيسه.
الطريق الأعظم للعيش بشرف في هذا العالم هو أن تكون ما تريد أن تبدو للعالم .
من صح فكره أتاه الإلهام، ومن دام اجتهاده أتاه التوفيق.
لا تركن إلى الزمن فإنه سريع الخيانة.
حيث يوجد تبجيل هناك خوف ، ولكن إذا ليس هنالك تبجيل في كل مكان فإنه لا يوجد خوف.
نظام الأخلاق الذي يقوم على أساس القيم العاطفية النسبية هو مجرد وهم ، تصور مبتذل وليس في ذلك شيء صحيح.
جميع نفوس البشر خالدة ، ولكن أرواح الصالحين خالدة وإلهية.
الحكمة لله وحده، وعلى الإنسان أن يجد ليعرف ، وفي استطاعته أن يكون محبًا للحكمة تواق إلى المعرفة ، باحثاً عن الحقيقة.
الرجل الصادق دائمًا كالطفل.
كن كما يحلو لك أن تبدو.
الكلمات الكاذبة ليست شر في حد ذاتها ، ولكنها تصيب الروح بالشر.
أتمنى أن الناس العاديين لديهم قدرة غير محدودة لإلحاق الضرر ، ثم يكون لديهم قوة غير محدودة لفعل الخير.
الشعراء ليسوا سوى مترجمين للآلهة.
سوءة لمن أعطيَّ الحكمة فجزع لفقد الذهب والفضة، ولمن أعطيَّ السلامة فجزع لفقد التعب والألم، فان ثمار الحكمة السلامة والدعة وثمار الذهب والفضة الألم والنصب.
الملك الأعظم هو أن يغلب الإنسان شهواته.
داوِ الغضب بالصمت، وداوِ الشهوة بالغضب، فإن من غضب على نفسه من تناول المساوئ شغل عنها.
بالعدل رُكِّب العالم، فجزئياته لا تقوم بالجور.
توقَّ كل التوقي ولا حارس من الأجل، وتوكّل كل التوكّل ولا عذر في التواني، واطلب كل الطلب ولا تتسخط لما جلب القدر.
لا راحة لمن تعجل الراحة بكسله.
لا شيء أنفس من الحياة، ولا خسارة أعظم من صرف الحياة في غير كسب حياة الأبد.
ليس لأحد من الناس إلا وله شبه: فمنهم كالأسد الغشوم، أو الثعلب الخاتل، أو أبله كالحمار، أو محمود الظاهر مذموم الباطن كالنمر، أو الرديء الظاهر الجيد الباطن كاللوز، أو الحسن المنظر دون المخبر كالدقلي.
إذا كان العالم غير مُعَلّم قل غناء علمه، كما يقلّ غناء المال عند البخيل.
لا ينبغي للعاقل أن يحزن، وذلك لأن المصاب الذي نزل به إما يمكن الاحتيال لدفعه فيدفعه، أو لايمكن فيلزم قلبه الصبر.
من عرف نفسه أمن الهلاك.
إن تعبت في البر فإن التعب يزول ويبقى الثواب، وإن التذذت بالإثم فإن اللذة تزول ويبقى العقاب.
أفضل شيء للنفس الموعظة.
أفضل شيء للعقل الحكمة.
سلامة الصدر بإماتة الحسد.
الرئاسة لا تتم إلا بحسن السياسة.
الحزم انتهاز الفرصة عند القدرة.
من لم يعرف نفسه ما دامت في جسده فلا سبيل له إلى معرفتها بعد مفارقتها الجسد.
لا تمارِ إخوانك وإن كنت لسناً جدلاً.
قد يكون الفقر نوعاً من آداب الله تعالى وخيرة في العواقب.
الحظوظ لها أوقات، فلا تعجل على ثمرة لم تكن تدرك، فإنك إن تنلها في أوانها تكن عذبة ولذيذة.
اجعل بينك وبين محبوباتك وأملاكك حجاباً من ترقّب زوالها؛ لئلا يفدحك فقد شيء منها، فان من لم يتقدم بالتعزية قبل المصيبة جرح قلبه الرزء إذا هجم عليه، فإنَّ النعم لها وقت وأجل وليست خالدة، وقد أخذت من قوم وأعطيت لأخرين.
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
وضـــاع طعـــــــم النصـــــــــــــــــر
وطلعــــــت قليــــــــل الـأصـــــــــــل
وســـرقـــــت مليــــــــون قصــــــــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
وضـــاع طعـــــــم النصـــــــــــــــــر
علـــى ايدكـــ طلعـــــــت روحنـــــــا
وزادتــ همـــومنا وجـــــروحنــــــــا
وفــــ بحــــر الاحـــــزان توهنـــــــا
ونسيــــنا مــــــــلامــــح مصــــــــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
وضـــاع طعـــــــم النصـــــــــــــــــر
علــى ايــــدكــ راحـــت مــــلاييـــــن
وضــــاعــــت مــن ايـامنـــا سنيـــن
وأتغـــربنــــا ودوبنــــــــا حنيــــــــن
ونسيــــنا ومشـــــ فــاكـــــريـــــــــن
احلـــــــــى ايــــامــ مصــــــــــــــــــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
وضـــاع طعـــــــم النصـــــــــــــــــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
وضـــاع طعـــــــم النصـــــــــــــــــر
وطلعــــــت قليــــــــل الـأصـــــــــــل
وســـرقـــــت مليــــــــون قصــــــــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
وضـــاع طعـــــــم النصـــــــــــــــــر
علـــى ايدكـــ طلعـــــــت روحنـــــــا
وزادتــ همـــومنا وجـــــروحنــــــــا
وفــــ بحــــر الاحـــــزان توهنـــــــا
ونسيــــنا مــــــــلامــــح مصــــــــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
وضـــاع طعـــــــم النصـــــــــــــــــر
علــى ايــــدكــ راحـــت مــــلاييـــــن
وضــــاعــــت مــن ايـامنـــا سنيـــن
وأتغـــربنــــا ودوبنــــــــا حنيــــــــن
ونسيــــنا ومشـــــ فــاكـــــريـــــــــن
احلـــــــــى ايــــامــ مصــــــــــــــــــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
علـــى ايـــدكـــ راحـــ خيـــر مصـــر
وضـــاع طعـــــــم النصـــــــــــــــــر
The Curse of the Pharaohs
Extensive study by Dr. Nabil Farouk on the subject (The Curse of the Pharaohs)
Curse of the Pharaohs .. Fact or Fiction?
The obsession with the acquisition of Ancient Egyptian monuments .. Through purchase or theft, followed by a lot of stories about evil spirits and bad luck and superstition .. And all were fertile material to the imagination of novelists and filmmakers.
The first incident linked to the curse of the Pharaohs was in 1699 when he bought a antique dealers Europeans two of the mummies of Egypt and brought with him in a ship to Europe and the Mediterranean Sea storm in the sea flooded the ship and most of the surface on the merchant that the cause of the ordeal suffered by the ship is Moumiaotan Almbartan which Astdata lives of volatile ship.
This story was from the imagination of the French writer, "Lewis Bnxie" is a fictional story about the oldest Egyptian mummies. As of 1856 rolled stories that made heroes Egyptian mummies and discussions about curses and vague.
Among the most famous stories unrealistic attempt to justify the sinking of the famous ship Titanic in 1921 the existence of an Egyptian mummy on the surface at the time of drowning, the same as the mummy in the British Museum under the number 22,542, but that the Canadians confirmed the validity of this myth. It is strange that the mummy's landing is not a body or mummy, but is a cover wooden colored it exists on the coffin of the priestess of Luxor is known for its name-century atheist century BC, and some Britons are afraid of touching the cover or approach him for fear of the curse and bad luck.
Do not open the coffin .. Will disturb the sacrifice of the King
Today was a summer day sweltering in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, the Egyptian workers who transfer the sand and its dimensions in an arduous journey to search for the tomb of one of the Kings, and despite that the search for the tomb of alleged she had approached the five years, but that sure prospector Harwood Carter was a constant and unwavering presence, and day after day, there were some small things that are discovered during archaeological excavations in the hope given access to the actual cemetery.
On this day, found a British expert during the drilling of a small statue in the form of a scarab, draws the men around him did not find anyone looking forward to him LVDS scarab in his clothes, and is itself a right to get some money from selling it.
After several days the man was sitting in a bar in Alexandria and is stretched to the maximum degree in gambling in front of a foreign sailors, who works between the ports of Egypt and Britain, and when he lost the England all his money he did not want to do a loser he turned to the sea, saying to play another role on the this and gave him the scarab Pharaonic, did not appreciate the sea this masterpiece the appropriate valuation and with it play with England role finally ended access to the scarab after several months, reached the sea to his home in southern Africa and Central gifts brought by the giving the statue pharaonic to his daughter's favorite of his, and within days a few men completely disappeared and his family search for a long time until they found him dead on a beach, of course, one could not be linked to the mysterious death of the sea and the scarab Pharaonic
After several more months, hit by the youngest son, which did not exceed the first and twenty years of age suddenly diagnosed with leukemia, and it was not long until she died affected by the disease, and in an attempt to get rid of painful memories associated with the daughter deceased the mother donated the scarab to its neighbor, the English Lady " Iedelrz "which was loves collecting antiques and antiquities.
Once you move the statue pharaonic to the home of neighbor began calamities, following them frequently, and perhaps most notably wounding her daughter diagnosed with leukemia and died in circumstances Mchabhap what happened to the daughter of her friend, especially that the son did not exceed the first and twenty, and in these circumstances of the tragic news was the curse of the pharaohs, which were associated the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb are frequent in every place and hired Ms. expert Egyptians to examine the statue and stressed her allegiance to the tomb of Tutankhamun, the young king, who died in mysterious circumstances and is at the age of about 20 years! And expert stressed that the effects of the statuette, a deadly curse will continue to haunt both owned forever to get back and settle in his native country.
Returned Mrs. Mufzuap everything that was said on this subject, and to surprise the severe learned that the door to the cemetery carrying a sharp says "Do not open the coffin will be slaughtered death two wings, anyone who dares to disturb the King" was also informed Ms. painful fate, who chased all who participated in the violation of this cemetery and launched the story of the curse of the Pharaohs the beginning of the project funder Lord "Carnarvon", which had developed a fever vague after opening of the cemetery shortly not Tmhlh to be killed and then began mysterious fever and death rapidly infect many of those who approached the tomb and Anthkoha the beginning of the secretary, "Carnarvon", which and died during his funeral to run over the horse which carries the coffin a little boy, killing him and wounding some of those who participated in one way or another to open the tomb of insanity and some of them committed suicide.
But that the world is the Egyptian Dr. "Izz al-Din Taha," which presented a vision of accurate scientific so-called curse of the Pharaohs and re-interpretation of accidents all in view of the fungi and toxins, which may publish the Pharaohs in their tombs, as well as for bacteria, which has been active over the skin of the mummy of decaying and other scientific reasons to explain the deaths Algams, and ended the man to say categorically that there is no so-called curse of the Pharaohs, and it is possible that the story ends at this point but that men, after delivering his lecture, hit by a car is speeding and crossing the road to his death on the spot!
Ms. English-hit scarab Tutankhamun curse she and her family when it was confirmed that the statuette behind these problems immediately sent a letter appeal the Egyptian government to recover the statue and return it to its place in the tomb of boy king, at the curse stopped and reversed her and the family ! Of course we did not know the Egyptian government's response to this request
Giza pyramids
In the fourth dynasty, three large stone pyramids were built at Giza. The design of these pyramids was based on the pyramids that had been built before. These are the largest and sturdiest pyramids that were ever built in ancient Egypt.
The first and largest pyramid was built for the pharaoh Khufu (also known as Cheops).
The second largest pyramid was built for Khufu's son, Khafra (also known as Chephren). In addition to the usual parts of a pyramid complex, Khafra's pyramid is guarded by a huge sphinx.
Finally, the third largest pyramid was built for the pharaoh Menkaure (also known as Mycerinus).
The ancient Egyptians continued to build pyramids for their pharaohs after the Giza pyramids were built. However they were never as big or well-designed as the Giza pyramids.
The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was carved from a mound of natural rock. It is located in Giza where it guards the front of Khafra's pyramid.
And below I'll show you some aspects of the miracle of the pyramid to absorb and to understand the extent of more miracles in building the pyramid:
First: Description of the Great Pyramid:
@ 147 m height.
@ Base side length of 228 m square.
@ That is, it occupies an area of 13 acres.
@ And size of the total 2.5 million cubic meters.
@ Stone The number of 23 million stone.
@ Average weight of each stone from 2.5 to 8 million tons, some of the stones weigh up to 50 tons.
@ An estimated total weight of the pyramid, with 6 million tons.
@ And has been covered with limestone and white Ksute but still quite far, and became the current height of 137 meters.
@ So far not detected for the Great Pyramid of all its regions, the temples are still attached to it - which was attached to each other pyramids - buried under the sand.
@ Burial chamber of King Khufu's pyramid, the largest with a length of 10.4 meters by 5.2 meters and a height of 5.8 meters. The ceiling of the room is a single piece of pure granite weighing 50 tons.
Second: How the pharaohs built the pyramid? :
In an article by Dr.. Osama Saawi - and is one of the researchers who put the theories on the construction of the pyramid - explaining his own theory on how to build the pyramid and talk about the other theories, and explains the difficulties he faced in publishing his theory of public opinion ... but I I will present a summary bakacad on how to build the pyramid, Then I put the article, Dr. Osama ...
[1] design and preparation stage:
Must be and that the Pharaohs were very advanced in the arts of architecture and of course they were either vastly more in this science, some researchers have thought in the possibility of building the pyramid of Cheops Kahrm potential of our current and found it would cost $ 7.5 million, and will be very difficult to build the pyramid of the same accuracy Cheops and the same set inclination angle of the walls 52 degrees exactly, and if the construction of the pyramid, it will not withstand even 1000 years, not only in 4600, such as the pyramid of Cheops ..!!
Prior to the establishment of any building to be design and painting first and then study how the residence through a soil test, and a series of complex calculations to measure and the strong pressure on the walls and the rules of the building.
After remission of the Pharaohs to mobilize a sufficient number of workers to build the pyramid, how many workers they need? And how an engineer? And who will give them food and drink? , And it is known that the pharaohs were employed in year 3 months only feel the flood that can not exercise their agriculture, and has said priests to Herodotus the Greek historian when he visited Egypt after the construction of the pyramid two thousand years, that the building of the pyramid took twenty years, which means that the actual duration for building the pyramid is 60 months, which just five years, and had estimated a mathematicians duration of the pyramid's construction labor 640 years ..!!
Then also question the skill of these workers and the heads of workers and engineers who put the stone in place very carefully to fully adhere to the previous stone and without a single error!!
[2] on how to prepare and bring Stones:
(1) cutting Stones: It is noted that the stones used in building the pyramid were cut very carefully to be completely smooth stones to ensure adhesion to each other without the presence of air spaces between them affect the strength of adhesive and without the need to use other substances to paste stones to each other .... What was the pharaohs cut these stones from the quarries in this high resolution? Did they use the example of ultrasound? Or even a laser beam? Or may have uncovered another way for them do not know everything?
(2) the source of stones: There are several theories in this regard:
One: that the stones were brought from Aswan, the second: that the stones were brought from quarries Tora on the eastern side of the River Nile, the third: that the stones were dropped from the Giza plateau itself, the fourth: that the pyramid was built, through pieces of natural rock, but rather stones casting manufacture builders Egyptians of gravel mixed with lime, and that these stones cast much stronger than the concrete that we know now, and that the bottom of the pyramid is the nucleus of a rocky natural carved to take the desired shape and then the establishment of the rest of the pyramid, ie, that there were Almntgaha in this range of hills Khufu chose to take his oldest Bnanh be the base for the pyramid.
In fact, look for first and second theories are far from ratifying where scholars are unanimously agreed on the difficulty of these stones to be transported long distances, especially that the weight of each one of several tons, and especially if this will be carried by body of water such as the Nile ...
While the third theory looks is closest to the similarity of rock material with the original material of the stones on the Giza plateau, but this is inconsistent with the fact that the roof of the burial chamber of Dkrp of pure granite and weighs 50 tons, and granite exists only in the Torah and in Aswan!!
And fourth Trihna theory of thinking in the means of cutting stones and their means of delivery, but could not prove one so far, and remain just theories!!
(3) how to move the stones and put in place: There are a lot of theories I will present briefly:
First: that they built by the Pharaohs of the sand next to the pyramid increasingly higher the greater the height of the pyramid and pulls up the rocks above the road with ropes and wood sliding over a break above the rocks ..
Second: rolling rocks on a set of slides beneath the trunks of trees, and then lift the rocks to place using a complex system of pulleys.
Third: Through the paper airplanes!!! And that one of the scientists noted, hieroglyphic writings show a row of men standing in a strange position and holding the lead rope by a specific type of mechanical system to a giant bird in the sky .. And turned out to be a giant kite is used to lift heavy blocks .. So I went in the experience of having disturbed her curiosity to look at how realistic this possibility, I tried with some friends to raise a piece of wood length of 25 meters and the mass of concrete weighs about 150 kg by kite ordinary bought from a shop has succeeded in doing so, and successive tests thereafter, and was able to raise the obelisk weighs 35 tons Bastkhaddan a giant kite and a set of pulleys, and adopt the idea that to rely on the momentum of the wind to carry rocks and facilitate the transfer!!
Fourth: by hydraulic jacks! The theory of b d. Saadawi and Osama will be presented in detail in the following participants.
Fifth: that the Pharaohs had a science very advanced do not know anything about it and that they had heavy equipment and other tools enabled them to do so, and given to a novels Herodotus that the priests used to carry minerals from the earth by reference, we find that the pharaohs may have reached to cancel the gravity and used that in lifting the stones ..!! , And I can imagine a group of priests stand and point out their batons and rocks come out only from the Giza Plateau to settle each one in its place!!! , But if it were that easy as taking their 20 years in the construction ...!!
Sixth: that the Pharaohs were not the builders of the pyramids and it was built by aliens, or that a civilization such as the civilization of Atlantis, for example, and the authors of these theories a set of directories such as inscriptions Pharaonic in different places of the world, a pattern represents the Pyramids of Giza from the air is one of the temples of ancient India and there is a relationship between civilization and the Pharaohs civilization of Mexico that this link may be the sunken continent of Atlantis .... To the end of this speech of others documented and who did not find in any of the books that talk about a picture caption or clear title to the places of these directories, which they reported, may occur Anis Mansour in some detail about these things in books, who landed from the sky, and who returned to the sky .... And my personal feeling that the purpose of the authors of those theories is a steal completion of the pyramids of the pharaohs.
Given all of these theories are that the issue of building the pyramids mysterious and complex to the greatest extent, all theories seem difficult to ratification, for the theory of the initial whole most scientists that the creation of a curved sandy like this is a miracle of engineering the biggest miracle of the pyramid, and that it would require effort a huge residence, and the largest effort to remove it.
And for the trunks of trees that were rolled under the rock .. Where do they come with all these quantities from the trunks of trees do not exist in Egypt jungle wa unit?! , And for the theory of the second has already proven that the pharaohs were aware of pulleys, but this will require the efforts of muscle is great, third theory may seem persuasive to a great extent, especially the existence of the fee Alholgriffi, the theory of the Fifth not good at all, but if I had the Pharaohs All of these advanced science Why extinct? , And if they have the sophisticated equipment why is there not any consequences for her? , Possibly extinct sciences developed because the priests were in total isolation from the people and that science was limited only to them .... In fact one could not answer any of these questions so far
Spread between Giza and even Nubia and almost as it is known that the pyramids were the graves of some of the pharaohs of Egypt, but why they chose the pyramid specifically for the construction of tombs and how they developed the idea of building the pyramid and other questions which need our introduction to clarify these questions.
Being the River Nile in Egypt as it is known from south to north and divides Egypt into eastern and western halves, and the ancient Egyptians had lived on the banks of the River Nile and began to establish their civilization on the side and begins the history of Egypt from 3200 BC and is the beginning of a knowledge writing to the Egyptians, either before that is called the prehistoric and since early times I think the ancient Egyptian in the idea of resurrection after death and life again in another world and came this idea of observation of nature and what is repeated, such as the sun and the flooding of the Nile which is repeated every year at the same time and culture, which grows again after harvest. And I think the ancient Egyptian life is that the Middle West, while generating means death, as the sun each day from the Middle and die in the West, from this point, we find that all the pyramids of Egypt as tombs and even the tombs of the ancient Egyptians all located west of the Nile with the sole exception of approx.
Since the outset, was the burial is in a hole oval shape with a few pots simple inside with the deceased for use in the other world, and if the deceased is buried in the fetal position in the mother's abdomen in order to facilitate the process of birth again, and the face is a vector of the East, and with the passage of time began to widen the hole and that evolved to become a room or two rooms with increased tools developed inside the brick walls and building development and increased thereafter to reach the brick building above-ground rooms and the top of this is what is called Palmsdoba.
The form of a terrace of two degrees
And with the beginning of the Third Dynasty 2780-2680 BC. M appeared Pyramid for the first time of King Djoser at Saqqara, and thanks to the construction of the engineer genius Imhotep, and the meaning of his name (the next in peace), and received by Imhotep, the tribute he wrote King Djoser his name on the base of his statue Royal, who is currently in the Egyptian Museum in a precedent has not been repeated in ancient Egyptian history to write the name of the ordinary person on the statue of the king.
This was the first time you use the stones in the construction, and is worth mentioning that the pyramid, which is the burial place of the king is associated with a group of architectural elements and the other representing a funeral for the deceased king.
A general view shows a total of King Djoser Ganasais and the Step Pyramid.
As for the idea of the pyramid in particular has been associated with pyramidal shape with his idea of the emergence of the universe and thought as well, according to some writings and texts religious that the pyramid is a means to help the spirit of the deceased in the access to heaven with the god Ra. And you can sometimes see sunlight between clouds, is take the form of pyramid too, and was also among the many ways that can help them to ascend to heaven. See also Figure pyramid top obelisks and some of the graves of small mines in southern Egypt, even when he thought the kings of the modern state of building cemeteries on the mainland west in the Valley of the Kings and clicked on the soles of the mountain to protect it from theft did not give up the pyramid, which was the representative at the top of the mountain the same and normal.
Landscape illustrates the form of rays of the sun between the clouds
Pyramid of Saqqara
Called the Saqqara region attributed to the Soccer Idol cowardly god when the ancient Egyptians. Imhotep, and has begun in this area build a cemetery Almellk Djoser in the form of a bench and wanted to have the luxury that distinguishes it from other stones and granite used in the construction of the burial chamber, which extends to a depth of 28 meters below the surface of the ground beneath the bench and then edit the design and Bmsdoba rose above the other and a third until he arrived at six degrees and a height of 60 meters along the base of the pyramid is about 130 meters were all from the outside coated with limestone white, and had been found inside the catacombs and corridors of the pyramid on the more than 40 thousand of pottery and alabaster and schist, and others, The ABG Ganasais of King include the addition to the Step Pyramid is also home to the North and another for the south, as the king of Egypt is the king of the north and south together and also include a temple to make offerings for the deceased king and the temple of the funereal rituals and burial, and there is also room next to the pyramid called the basement room by a statue of King Djoser, this statue is a testament to the spirit until you identify the body again.
And with the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty in 2680 BC, began attempts to build a pyramid full in the area Dahshur near Saqqara in the reign of King Senefru but there was an error in the estimation of the angle of construction came obtuse slightly 54 degrees and at a height of 48 meters almost started some of the walls of the pyramid's internal cracking Vqll Engineer Building angle to 43 degrees and reached full height to 101 meters, and appeared in as in the picture and now renamed the pyramid Refractor or twisted.
And the second is the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur is also the first true pyramid was built in Msriz angle of 43 degrees and almost 99 meters high, and clothing was white limestone pyramids.
Pyramids of Giza
The Great Pyramid
One of the seven wonders of the world and occupies an area of 13 acres and the original height of 146 meters and is currently almost 137 m and along the rib base 230 meters.
Curse of the Pharaohs .. Fact or Fiction?
The obsession with the acquisition of Ancient Egyptian monuments .. Through purchase or theft, followed by a lot of stories about evil spirits and bad luck and superstition .. And all were fertile material to the imagination of novelists and filmmakers.
The first incident linked to the curse of the Pharaohs was in 1699 when he bought a antique dealers Europeans two of the mummies of Egypt and brought with him in a ship to Europe and the Mediterranean Sea storm in the sea flooded the ship and most of the surface on the merchant that the cause of the ordeal suffered by the ship is Moumiaotan Almbartan which Astdata lives of volatile ship.
This story was from the imagination of the French writer, "Lewis Bnxie" is a fictional story about the oldest Egyptian mummies. As of 1856 rolled stories that made heroes Egyptian mummies and discussions about curses and vague.
Among the most famous stories unrealistic attempt to justify the sinking of the famous ship Titanic in 1921 the existence of an Egyptian mummy on the surface at the time of drowning, the same as the mummy in the British Museum under the number 22,542, but that the Canadians confirmed the validity of this myth. It is strange that the mummy's landing is not a body or mummy, but is a cover wooden colored it exists on the coffin of the priestess of Luxor is known for its name-century atheist century BC, and some Britons are afraid of touching the cover or approach him for fear of the curse and bad luck.
Do not open the coffin .. Will disturb the sacrifice of the King
Today was a summer day sweltering in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, the Egyptian workers who transfer the sand and its dimensions in an arduous journey to search for the tomb of one of the Kings, and despite that the search for the tomb of alleged she had approached the five years, but that sure prospector Harwood Carter was a constant and unwavering presence, and day after day, there were some small things that are discovered during archaeological excavations in the hope given access to the actual cemetery.
On this day, found a British expert during the drilling of a small statue in the form of a scarab, draws the men around him did not find anyone looking forward to him LVDS scarab in his clothes, and is itself a right to get some money from selling it.
After several days the man was sitting in a bar in Alexandria and is stretched to the maximum degree in gambling in front of a foreign sailors, who works between the ports of Egypt and Britain, and when he lost the England all his money he did not want to do a loser he turned to the sea, saying to play another role on the this and gave him the scarab Pharaonic, did not appreciate the sea this masterpiece the appropriate valuation and with it play with England role finally ended access to the scarab after several months, reached the sea to his home in southern Africa and Central gifts brought by the giving the statue pharaonic to his daughter's favorite of his, and within days a few men completely disappeared and his family search for a long time until they found him dead on a beach, of course, one could not be linked to the mysterious death of the sea and the scarab Pharaonic
After several more months, hit by the youngest son, which did not exceed the first and twenty years of age suddenly diagnosed with leukemia, and it was not long until she died affected by the disease, and in an attempt to get rid of painful memories associated with the daughter deceased the mother donated the scarab to its neighbor, the English Lady " Iedelrz "which was loves collecting antiques and antiquities.
Once you move the statue pharaonic to the home of neighbor began calamities, following them frequently, and perhaps most notably wounding her daughter diagnosed with leukemia and died in circumstances Mchabhap what happened to the daughter of her friend, especially that the son did not exceed the first and twenty, and in these circumstances of the tragic news was the curse of the pharaohs, which were associated the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb are frequent in every place and hired Ms. expert Egyptians to examine the statue and stressed her allegiance to the tomb of Tutankhamun, the young king, who died in mysterious circumstances and is at the age of about 20 years! And expert stressed that the effects of the statuette, a deadly curse will continue to haunt both owned forever to get back and settle in his native country.
Returned Mrs. Mufzuap everything that was said on this subject, and to surprise the severe learned that the door to the cemetery carrying a sharp says "Do not open the coffin will be slaughtered death two wings, anyone who dares to disturb the King" was also informed Ms. painful fate, who chased all who participated in the violation of this cemetery and launched the story of the curse of the Pharaohs the beginning of the project funder Lord "Carnarvon", which had developed a fever vague after opening of the cemetery shortly not Tmhlh to be killed and then began mysterious fever and death rapidly infect many of those who approached the tomb and Anthkoha the beginning of the secretary, "Carnarvon", which and died during his funeral to run over the horse which carries the coffin a little boy, killing him and wounding some of those who participated in one way or another to open the tomb of insanity and some of them committed suicide.
But that the world is the Egyptian Dr. "Izz al-Din Taha," which presented a vision of accurate scientific so-called curse of the Pharaohs and re-interpretation of accidents all in view of the fungi and toxins, which may publish the Pharaohs in their tombs, as well as for bacteria, which has been active over the skin of the mummy of decaying and other scientific reasons to explain the deaths Algams, and ended the man to say categorically that there is no so-called curse of the Pharaohs, and it is possible that the story ends at this point but that men, after delivering his lecture, hit by a car is speeding and crossing the road to his death on the spot!
Ms. English-hit scarab Tutankhamun curse she and her family when it was confirmed that the statuette behind these problems immediately sent a letter appeal the Egyptian government to recover the statue and return it to its place in the tomb of boy king, at the curse stopped and reversed her and the family ! Of course we did not know the Egyptian government's response to this request
Giza pyramids
In the fourth dynasty, three large stone pyramids were built at Giza. The design of these pyramids was based on the pyramids that had been built before. These are the largest and sturdiest pyramids that were ever built in ancient Egypt.
The first and largest pyramid was built for the pharaoh Khufu (also known as Cheops).
The second largest pyramid was built for Khufu's son, Khafra (also known as Chephren). In addition to the usual parts of a pyramid complex, Khafra's pyramid is guarded by a huge sphinx.
Finally, the third largest pyramid was built for the pharaoh Menkaure (also known as Mycerinus).
The ancient Egyptians continued to build pyramids for their pharaohs after the Giza pyramids were built. However they were never as big or well-designed as the Giza pyramids.
The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was carved from a mound of natural rock. It is located in Giza where it guards the front of Khafra's pyramid.
And below I'll show you some aspects of the miracle of the pyramid to absorb and to understand the extent of more miracles in building the pyramid:
First: Description of the Great Pyramid:
@ 147 m height.
@ Base side length of 228 m square.
@ That is, it occupies an area of 13 acres.
@ And size of the total 2.5 million cubic meters.
@ Stone The number of 23 million stone.
@ Average weight of each stone from 2.5 to 8 million tons, some of the stones weigh up to 50 tons.
@ An estimated total weight of the pyramid, with 6 million tons.
@ And has been covered with limestone and white Ksute but still quite far, and became the current height of 137 meters.
@ So far not detected for the Great Pyramid of all its regions, the temples are still attached to it - which was attached to each other pyramids - buried under the sand.
@ Burial chamber of King Khufu's pyramid, the largest with a length of 10.4 meters by 5.2 meters and a height of 5.8 meters. The ceiling of the room is a single piece of pure granite weighing 50 tons.
Second: How the pharaohs built the pyramid? :
In an article by Dr.. Osama Saawi - and is one of the researchers who put the theories on the construction of the pyramid - explaining his own theory on how to build the pyramid and talk about the other theories, and explains the difficulties he faced in publishing his theory of public opinion ... but I I will present a summary bakacad on how to build the pyramid, Then I put the article, Dr. Osama ...
[1] design and preparation stage:
Must be and that the Pharaohs were very advanced in the arts of architecture and of course they were either vastly more in this science, some researchers have thought in the possibility of building the pyramid of Cheops Kahrm potential of our current and found it would cost $ 7.5 million, and will be very difficult to build the pyramid of the same accuracy Cheops and the same set inclination angle of the walls 52 degrees exactly, and if the construction of the pyramid, it will not withstand even 1000 years, not only in 4600, such as the pyramid of Cheops ..!!
Prior to the establishment of any building to be design and painting first and then study how the residence through a soil test, and a series of complex calculations to measure and the strong pressure on the walls and the rules of the building.
After remission of the Pharaohs to mobilize a sufficient number of workers to build the pyramid, how many workers they need? And how an engineer? And who will give them food and drink? , And it is known that the pharaohs were employed in year 3 months only feel the flood that can not exercise their agriculture, and has said priests to Herodotus the Greek historian when he visited Egypt after the construction of the pyramid two thousand years, that the building of the pyramid took twenty years, which means that the actual duration for building the pyramid is 60 months, which just five years, and had estimated a mathematicians duration of the pyramid's construction labor 640 years ..!!
Then also question the skill of these workers and the heads of workers and engineers who put the stone in place very carefully to fully adhere to the previous stone and without a single error!!
[2] on how to prepare and bring Stones:
(1) cutting Stones: It is noted that the stones used in building the pyramid were cut very carefully to be completely smooth stones to ensure adhesion to each other without the presence of air spaces between them affect the strength of adhesive and without the need to use other substances to paste stones to each other .... What was the pharaohs cut these stones from the quarries in this high resolution? Did they use the example of ultrasound? Or even a laser beam? Or may have uncovered another way for them do not know everything?
(2) the source of stones: There are several theories in this regard:
One: that the stones were brought from Aswan, the second: that the stones were brought from quarries Tora on the eastern side of the River Nile, the third: that the stones were dropped from the Giza plateau itself, the fourth: that the pyramid was built, through pieces of natural rock, but rather stones casting manufacture builders Egyptians of gravel mixed with lime, and that these stones cast much stronger than the concrete that we know now, and that the bottom of the pyramid is the nucleus of a rocky natural carved to take the desired shape and then the establishment of the rest of the pyramid, ie, that there were Almntgaha in this range of hills Khufu chose to take his oldest Bnanh be the base for the pyramid.
In fact, look for first and second theories are far from ratifying where scholars are unanimously agreed on the difficulty of these stones to be transported long distances, especially that the weight of each one of several tons, and especially if this will be carried by body of water such as the Nile ...
While the third theory looks is closest to the similarity of rock material with the original material of the stones on the Giza plateau, but this is inconsistent with the fact that the roof of the burial chamber of Dkrp of pure granite and weighs 50 tons, and granite exists only in the Torah and in Aswan!!
And fourth Trihna theory of thinking in the means of cutting stones and their means of delivery, but could not prove one so far, and remain just theories!!
(3) how to move the stones and put in place: There are a lot of theories I will present briefly:
First: that they built by the Pharaohs of the sand next to the pyramid increasingly higher the greater the height of the pyramid and pulls up the rocks above the road with ropes and wood sliding over a break above the rocks ..
Second: rolling rocks on a set of slides beneath the trunks of trees, and then lift the rocks to place using a complex system of pulleys.
Third: Through the paper airplanes!!! And that one of the scientists noted, hieroglyphic writings show a row of men standing in a strange position and holding the lead rope by a specific type of mechanical system to a giant bird in the sky .. And turned out to be a giant kite is used to lift heavy blocks .. So I went in the experience of having disturbed her curiosity to look at how realistic this possibility, I tried with some friends to raise a piece of wood length of 25 meters and the mass of concrete weighs about 150 kg by kite ordinary bought from a shop has succeeded in doing so, and successive tests thereafter, and was able to raise the obelisk weighs 35 tons Bastkhaddan a giant kite and a set of pulleys, and adopt the idea that to rely on the momentum of the wind to carry rocks and facilitate the transfer!!
Fourth: by hydraulic jacks! The theory of b d. Saadawi and Osama will be presented in detail in the following participants.
Fifth: that the Pharaohs had a science very advanced do not know anything about it and that they had heavy equipment and other tools enabled them to do so, and given to a novels Herodotus that the priests used to carry minerals from the earth by reference, we find that the pharaohs may have reached to cancel the gravity and used that in lifting the stones ..!! , And I can imagine a group of priests stand and point out their batons and rocks come out only from the Giza Plateau to settle each one in its place!!! , But if it were that easy as taking their 20 years in the construction ...!!
Sixth: that the Pharaohs were not the builders of the pyramids and it was built by aliens, or that a civilization such as the civilization of Atlantis, for example, and the authors of these theories a set of directories such as inscriptions Pharaonic in different places of the world, a pattern represents the Pyramids of Giza from the air is one of the temples of ancient India and there is a relationship between civilization and the Pharaohs civilization of Mexico that this link may be the sunken continent of Atlantis .... To the end of this speech of others documented and who did not find in any of the books that talk about a picture caption or clear title to the places of these directories, which they reported, may occur Anis Mansour in some detail about these things in books, who landed from the sky, and who returned to the sky .... And my personal feeling that the purpose of the authors of those theories is a steal completion of the pyramids of the pharaohs.
Given all of these theories are that the issue of building the pyramids mysterious and complex to the greatest extent, all theories seem difficult to ratification, for the theory of the initial whole most scientists that the creation of a curved sandy like this is a miracle of engineering the biggest miracle of the pyramid, and that it would require effort a huge residence, and the largest effort to remove it.
And for the trunks of trees that were rolled under the rock .. Where do they come with all these quantities from the trunks of trees do not exist in Egypt jungle wa unit?! , And for the theory of the second has already proven that the pharaohs were aware of pulleys, but this will require the efforts of muscle is great, third theory may seem persuasive to a great extent, especially the existence of the fee Alholgriffi, the theory of the Fifth not good at all, but if I had the Pharaohs All of these advanced science Why extinct? , And if they have the sophisticated equipment why is there not any consequences for her? , Possibly extinct sciences developed because the priests were in total isolation from the people and that science was limited only to them .... In fact one could not answer any of these questions so far
Spread between Giza and even Nubia and almost as it is known that the pyramids were the graves of some of the pharaohs of Egypt, but why they chose the pyramid specifically for the construction of tombs and how they developed the idea of building the pyramid and other questions which need our introduction to clarify these questions.
Being the River Nile in Egypt as it is known from south to north and divides Egypt into eastern and western halves, and the ancient Egyptians had lived on the banks of the River Nile and began to establish their civilization on the side and begins the history of Egypt from 3200 BC and is the beginning of a knowledge writing to the Egyptians, either before that is called the prehistoric and since early times I think the ancient Egyptian in the idea of resurrection after death and life again in another world and came this idea of observation of nature and what is repeated, such as the sun and the flooding of the Nile which is repeated every year at the same time and culture, which grows again after harvest. And I think the ancient Egyptian life is that the Middle West, while generating means death, as the sun each day from the Middle and die in the West, from this point, we find that all the pyramids of Egypt as tombs and even the tombs of the ancient Egyptians all located west of the Nile with the sole exception of approx.
Since the outset, was the burial is in a hole oval shape with a few pots simple inside with the deceased for use in the other world, and if the deceased is buried in the fetal position in the mother's abdomen in order to facilitate the process of birth again, and the face is a vector of the East, and with the passage of time began to widen the hole and that evolved to become a room or two rooms with increased tools developed inside the brick walls and building development and increased thereafter to reach the brick building above-ground rooms and the top of this is what is called Palmsdoba.
The form of a terrace of two degrees
And with the beginning of the Third Dynasty 2780-2680 BC. M appeared Pyramid for the first time of King Djoser at Saqqara, and thanks to the construction of the engineer genius Imhotep, and the meaning of his name (the next in peace), and received by Imhotep, the tribute he wrote King Djoser his name on the base of his statue Royal, who is currently in the Egyptian Museum in a precedent has not been repeated in ancient Egyptian history to write the name of the ordinary person on the statue of the king.
This was the first time you use the stones in the construction, and is worth mentioning that the pyramid, which is the burial place of the king is associated with a group of architectural elements and the other representing a funeral for the deceased king.
A general view shows a total of King Djoser Ganasais and the Step Pyramid.
As for the idea of the pyramid in particular has been associated with pyramidal shape with his idea of the emergence of the universe and thought as well, according to some writings and texts religious that the pyramid is a means to help the spirit of the deceased in the access to heaven with the god Ra. And you can sometimes see sunlight between clouds, is take the form of pyramid too, and was also among the many ways that can help them to ascend to heaven. See also Figure pyramid top obelisks and some of the graves of small mines in southern Egypt, even when he thought the kings of the modern state of building cemeteries on the mainland west in the Valley of the Kings and clicked on the soles of the mountain to protect it from theft did not give up the pyramid, which was the representative at the top of the mountain the same and normal.
Landscape illustrates the form of rays of the sun between the clouds
Pyramid of Saqqara
Called the Saqqara region attributed to the Soccer Idol cowardly god when the ancient Egyptians. Imhotep, and has begun in this area build a cemetery Almellk Djoser in the form of a bench and wanted to have the luxury that distinguishes it from other stones and granite used in the construction of the burial chamber, which extends to a depth of 28 meters below the surface of the ground beneath the bench and then edit the design and Bmsdoba rose above the other and a third until he arrived at six degrees and a height of 60 meters along the base of the pyramid is about 130 meters were all from the outside coated with limestone white, and had been found inside the catacombs and corridors of the pyramid on the more than 40 thousand of pottery and alabaster and schist, and others, The ABG Ganasais of King include the addition to the Step Pyramid is also home to the North and another for the south, as the king of Egypt is the king of the north and south together and also include a temple to make offerings for the deceased king and the temple of the funereal rituals and burial, and there is also room next to the pyramid called the basement room by a statue of King Djoser, this statue is a testament to the spirit until you identify the body again.
And with the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty in 2680 BC, began attempts to build a pyramid full in the area Dahshur near Saqqara in the reign of King Senefru but there was an error in the estimation of the angle of construction came obtuse slightly 54 degrees and at a height of 48 meters almost started some of the walls of the pyramid's internal cracking Vqll Engineer Building angle to 43 degrees and reached full height to 101 meters, and appeared in as in the picture and now renamed the pyramid Refractor or twisted.
And the second is the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur is also the first true pyramid was built in Msriz angle of 43 degrees and almost 99 meters high, and clothing was white limestone pyramids.
Pyramids of Giza
The Great Pyramid
One of the seven wonders of the world and occupies an area of 13 acres and the original height of 146 meters and is currently almost 137 m and along the rib base 230 meters.
History of Pharaonic Egypt
Since tens of thousands of years was Asahrawan: West and East that
surround the Valley of the Nile Amertin flora and fauna. And roam the
two groups of people living a primitive life based primarily on the
operations of "gathering" food from trees and hunting animals. When
solving the era of drought and the disruption of the rain and the
depletion of water sources forced humanitarian groups to flee to other
sources of water and food. The closest to them and the Nile Valley ..
The Egyptians first, they lived the life of various other processes
based on the "food production" .. Fmarsoa "agriculture" and set up
villages and towns along the course of the Nile. Cataract of the first
to the swamps of the Delta, and thereby established the foundations of
stable social life, and formed an independent kingdom in Upper Egypt and
the Kingdom of stable in the Lower
In about 3200 BC. M out of King Mena King of Upper Egypt city of bend (near the city of Gerga in Sohag Governorate now) and the Standardization of Upper and Lower Egypt in one country make the capital city of Memphis (dead hostage in Giza Governorate now) and established the first royal family of thirty families which ruled Egypt throughout its history the old Pharaonic ... Historians have agreed to divide the history of Pharaonic Egypt to the ages and the families of ownership are summarized as follows: - M
Archaic period: from about 3200 BC. M to 2690 BC. M and includes
Family First
It consists of 8 kings were: Mina / Aha / Ledger / Jet / Damon / Adj Ip / Snmo / Qa
Second Dynasty:
It consists of 9 kings were: Canton These kings / Neb Ra / Ni Winter / Lounge / Cindy / Brayb age / Kha These kings / Dja Dja
Old Kingdom:
From about 2690 BC. M to 2180 BC. M defined this era as the era of the builders of the pyramids, and extends from the beginning of the Third Dynasty until the end of the Sixth Dynasty.
Third Dynasty:
It consists of 5 kings were: Djoser, "the owner of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara" / Sankht / Kha Pa / Ka Nefer / Hony
Fourth Dynasty:
It consists of 7 kings are: Bent / Khufu "the Great Pyramid in Giza / Jaddedv Ra / Khafre / Menkaure / Cbsskaf / Ghent Chaos.
Fifth Dynasty:
It consists of 9 kings were: Userkaf / Saho Ra / Navarre Air Kreet / Cbiska Ra / Ra Nefer F / Ne Osor Ra / Mancao Poplar / grandfather Ka Ra / Assisi / Unas.
Sixth Dynasty:
It consists of 5 kings were: Tete / USSR Ka Ra / Baby I / one more time that the Ra / Pepi II
Age of first move:
From about 2180 BC. M to 2060 BC. M. .. This era is characterized by deteriorating economic and social revolution against feudalism and against the government, although it has flourished in Ancient Egyptian Literature. This extends the era of the beginning of the seventh of the family until the end of the Eleventh Dynasty .. It consisted of the kings of these families is not known in Egyptian history leave little impact
Middle Kingdom:
From about 2060 BC. M to 1785 BC. M and consists of two families the eleventh and twelfth. This era is characterized by the re-unification of the provinces of the State and the economic prosperity and social stability.
Family-first session:
It consists of 8 kings were: Amenemhat I / Senusret I / Amenemhat II / IV Senusret / Senusret III / Amenemhat III / IV Amenemhat / Casting Neferure
Transition II era:
From about 1875 BC. M to 1580 BC. And includes Dynasties from the thirteenth to seventeenth .. There has been a mess and disorder after the occupation of God in use ** to Egypt for a period of 150 years ago .. In this era, Egypt was known for making the wheels of war and militarism flourished and Egypt prepared for the Eradication of God ** in use in the age of seventeen the family, which consisted of 4 kings are brave: Taa / Taa larger / Seqenenre / Kamose
New Kingdom (Empire era):
From about 1580 BC. M to 1085 BC. M. .. In this era of wars is a great development took place after the liberation of the country from the God ** in use and formed the Egyptian empire after opening the Palestine and Syrian areas as far south as the Fourth Cataract, Sudan .. Egypt and has lived most flourishing age of prosperity and wealth, and there was great progress in the arts, science and foreign trade, and built the grand temples of Luxor and Kalkrnk .. Egypt announced the oneness of God, in the reign of Akhenaten. It consists of this age from three families are
Family-eighth session:
Of 1580 BC. M to 1314 BC. M and consists of 14 property are: Ahmose I / Amenhotep I / Thutmose I / Thutmose II / Hatshepsut / Thutmose III / Amenhotep II / Thutmose IV / Amenhotep III / Akhenaten / the co Kreet / Tutankhamun / E / Hur or loving
Nineteenth Dynasty:
Of 1314 BC. M 1200 BC. M and consists of 11 are the king: Ramses I / Seti I / Ramses II / Merenptah / Amon Miss / moon Petah Sptah / Second City / Ramses Sptah / Stk Nakht / Ramses X / Ramesses the Eleventh
Twenty-family:
From 1200 BC. M to 1085 BC. M and consisting of 7 kings were: Ramses III / IV and / A / V and VI / VII / VIII / IX
Age of migrating III (Late Period):
Of 1085 BC. M to 332 BC. M
This starts with the beginning of the era of the family twenty-first session, and expire at the end of the thirty-first of the family. And it eroded the conditions of the country and separated the countries that once belonged to the empire, greed and the Libyans and Nubians Vgmwa Egypt for some time. As that occupied by the Persians conquered by Alexander the Great.
Twenty-first family:
Of 1085 BC. M to 950 BC. M and consisting of 7 kings are: Sondos / Harihor / Bsib Kno I / Bai Nzm I / Omnm Shepenwepet / Syamon / Bsib Kno II
Twenty-Second Dynasty:
Of 950 BC. M to 730 BC. M and consists of 9 kings of the Libyans are: first Chnq / Osorkon I / Taklot first / second Osorkon / Chnq II / Tlklot II / III Chnq / Pa Mai / Chnq IV
Twenty-Third Dynasty:
Of 817 BC. M to 730 BC. M and consists of 6 kings were: Paddy Bassett / Chnq / V Osorkon III / III Taklot / Omnrod / Osorkon IV
Dynasty XXIV:
Of 730 BC. M to 715 BC. M and consists of two kings: the pyramid of Ra / Buchris
Twenty-Fifth Dynasty: It consists of 5 of the Nubian kings were: Banky / nets / Spataka / Taharqa / Bacara
Twenty-Sixth Dynasty:
Of 663 BC. M to 525 BC. M and consists of 6 kings of the Egyptians, who ruled the country regained after the expulsion of the Nubians. In its age civilization flourished and foreign trade boomed. They are: first Psammetik / NCAA II / II Psammetik / IP Uah Ra / Ahmose Sanit / Psammetik III.
Twenty-seventh of the family:
Of 525 BC. M to 404 BC. M and consists of 5 kings of the Persians were: Kambiz / Dara I / Islands ** o I / was based t ** o / Dara II
Twenty-eighth of the family:
Of 404 BC. M to 398 BC. M and consists of a king of an Egyptian princess, who is seized power from the Persians
Twenty-ninth of the family:
Of 398 BC. M to 378 BC. M and consists of 4 kings are: Nayef Ao Word / abandonment / Bassamot / Nayef Ao received the second
Thirty-family:
Of 378 BC. M to 341 BC. M and consists of 3 kings were: first Nkinbu / grandfather drag / Nkinbu the second (which is another Egyptian pharaohs who ruled Egypt) g
Thirty-first of the family:
Of 341 BC. M to 332 BC. M and consists of 3 kings of the Persians, and they are: Artkzrss III / Arciss / Dara III.
When I saw the usefulness and comprehensiveness of those who do not know the date you transferred Pharaonic
In about 3200 BC. M out of King Mena King of Upper Egypt city of bend (near the city of Gerga in Sohag Governorate now) and the Standardization of Upper and Lower Egypt in one country make the capital city of Memphis (dead hostage in Giza Governorate now) and established the first royal family of thirty families which ruled Egypt throughout its history the old Pharaonic ... Historians have agreed to divide the history of Pharaonic Egypt to the ages and the families of ownership are summarized as follows: - M
Archaic period: from about 3200 BC. M to 2690 BC. M and includes
Family First
It consists of 8 kings were: Mina / Aha / Ledger / Jet / Damon / Adj Ip / Snmo / Qa
Second Dynasty:
It consists of 9 kings were: Canton These kings / Neb Ra / Ni Winter / Lounge / Cindy / Brayb age / Kha These kings / Dja Dja
Old Kingdom:
From about 2690 BC. M to 2180 BC. M defined this era as the era of the builders of the pyramids, and extends from the beginning of the Third Dynasty until the end of the Sixth Dynasty.
Third Dynasty:
It consists of 5 kings were: Djoser, "the owner of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara" / Sankht / Kha Pa / Ka Nefer / Hony
Fourth Dynasty:
It consists of 7 kings are: Bent / Khufu "the Great Pyramid in Giza / Jaddedv Ra / Khafre / Menkaure / Cbsskaf / Ghent Chaos.
Fifth Dynasty:
It consists of 9 kings were: Userkaf / Saho Ra / Navarre Air Kreet / Cbiska Ra / Ra Nefer F / Ne Osor Ra / Mancao Poplar / grandfather Ka Ra / Assisi / Unas.
Sixth Dynasty:
It consists of 5 kings were: Tete / USSR Ka Ra / Baby I / one more time that the Ra / Pepi II
Age of first move:
From about 2180 BC. M to 2060 BC. M. .. This era is characterized by deteriorating economic and social revolution against feudalism and against the government, although it has flourished in Ancient Egyptian Literature. This extends the era of the beginning of the seventh of the family until the end of the Eleventh Dynasty .. It consisted of the kings of these families is not known in Egyptian history leave little impact
Middle Kingdom:
From about 2060 BC. M to 1785 BC. M and consists of two families the eleventh and twelfth. This era is characterized by the re-unification of the provinces of the State and the economic prosperity and social stability.
Family-first session:
It consists of 8 kings were: Amenemhat I / Senusret I / Amenemhat II / IV Senusret / Senusret III / Amenemhat III / IV Amenemhat / Casting Neferure
Transition II era:
From about 1875 BC. M to 1580 BC. And includes Dynasties from the thirteenth to seventeenth .. There has been a mess and disorder after the occupation of God in use ** to Egypt for a period of 150 years ago .. In this era, Egypt was known for making the wheels of war and militarism flourished and Egypt prepared for the Eradication of God ** in use in the age of seventeen the family, which consisted of 4 kings are brave: Taa / Taa larger / Seqenenre / Kamose
New Kingdom (Empire era):
From about 1580 BC. M to 1085 BC. M. .. In this era of wars is a great development took place after the liberation of the country from the God ** in use and formed the Egyptian empire after opening the Palestine and Syrian areas as far south as the Fourth Cataract, Sudan .. Egypt and has lived most flourishing age of prosperity and wealth, and there was great progress in the arts, science and foreign trade, and built the grand temples of Luxor and Kalkrnk .. Egypt announced the oneness of God, in the reign of Akhenaten. It consists of this age from three families are
Family-eighth session:
Of 1580 BC. M to 1314 BC. M and consists of 14 property are: Ahmose I / Amenhotep I / Thutmose I / Thutmose II / Hatshepsut / Thutmose III / Amenhotep II / Thutmose IV / Amenhotep III / Akhenaten / the co Kreet / Tutankhamun / E / Hur or loving
Nineteenth Dynasty:
Of 1314 BC. M 1200 BC. M and consists of 11 are the king: Ramses I / Seti I / Ramses II / Merenptah / Amon Miss / moon Petah Sptah / Second City / Ramses Sptah / Stk Nakht / Ramses X / Ramesses the Eleventh
Twenty-family:
From 1200 BC. M to 1085 BC. M and consisting of 7 kings were: Ramses III / IV and / A / V and VI / VII / VIII / IX
Age of migrating III (Late Period):
Of 1085 BC. M to 332 BC. M
This starts with the beginning of the era of the family twenty-first session, and expire at the end of the thirty-first of the family. And it eroded the conditions of the country and separated the countries that once belonged to the empire, greed and the Libyans and Nubians Vgmwa Egypt for some time. As that occupied by the Persians conquered by Alexander the Great.
Twenty-first family:
Of 1085 BC. M to 950 BC. M and consisting of 7 kings are: Sondos / Harihor / Bsib Kno I / Bai Nzm I / Omnm Shepenwepet / Syamon / Bsib Kno II
Twenty-Second Dynasty:
Of 950 BC. M to 730 BC. M and consists of 9 kings of the Libyans are: first Chnq / Osorkon I / Taklot first / second Osorkon / Chnq II / Tlklot II / III Chnq / Pa Mai / Chnq IV
Twenty-Third Dynasty:
Of 817 BC. M to 730 BC. M and consists of 6 kings were: Paddy Bassett / Chnq / V Osorkon III / III Taklot / Omnrod / Osorkon IV
Dynasty XXIV:
Of 730 BC. M to 715 BC. M and consists of two kings: the pyramid of Ra / Buchris
Twenty-Fifth Dynasty: It consists of 5 of the Nubian kings were: Banky / nets / Spataka / Taharqa / Bacara
Twenty-Sixth Dynasty:
Of 663 BC. M to 525 BC. M and consists of 6 kings of the Egyptians, who ruled the country regained after the expulsion of the Nubians. In its age civilization flourished and foreign trade boomed. They are: first Psammetik / NCAA II / II Psammetik / IP Uah Ra / Ahmose Sanit / Psammetik III.
Twenty-seventh of the family:
Of 525 BC. M to 404 BC. M and consists of 5 kings of the Persians were: Kambiz / Dara I / Islands ** o I / was based t ** o / Dara II
Twenty-eighth of the family:
Of 404 BC. M to 398 BC. M and consists of a king of an Egyptian princess, who is seized power from the Persians
Twenty-ninth of the family:
Of 398 BC. M to 378 BC. M and consists of 4 kings are: Nayef Ao Word / abandonment / Bassamot / Nayef Ao received the second
Thirty-family:
Of 378 BC. M to 341 BC. M and consists of 3 kings were: first Nkinbu / grandfather drag / Nkinbu the second (which is another Egyptian pharaohs who ruled Egypt) g
Thirty-first of the family:
Of 341 BC. M to 332 BC. M and consists of 3 kings of the Persians, and they are: Artkzrss III / Arciss / Dara III.
When I saw the usefulness and comprehensiveness of those who do not know the date you transferred Pharaonic
كونشرتو + الأوبرا
كلمة كونشرتو لاتينية الأصل ومعناها التسابق ؟ ومن الناحية الموسيقية تعني
العزف التبادلي بمعنى ان الكونشرتو عمل فني مشترك بين عددمن الموسيقيين يتحاورون في ويتبادلون العزف بينهم وهذاماكان قبل القرن ال 16
وفي نهاية القرن ال17كان السباق في الكونشرتو بين مجموعة من الألات الموسيقية
وكانت الكونشرتوات تكتب على نظام حركات السوناتا الثلاثية وهي ( سريع _ بطيئ _سريع )
وظهرت أيضا في نفس الوقتالعزف التبادلي بمعنى ان الكونشرتو عمل فني مشترك بين عددمن الموسيقيين يتحاورون في ويتبادلون العزف بينهم وهذاماكان قبل القرن ال 16
وفي نهاية القرن ال17كان السباق في الكونشرتو بين مجموعة من الألات الموسيقية
وكانت الكونشرتوات تكتب على نظام حركات السوناتا الثلاثية وهي ( سريع _ بطيئ _سريع )
الكونشرتو جرسو وفي يكون التقابل والتحاور بين مجموعات من الألات الأوروكسترا وليس الألات المنفردة كمان في السابق
هي أحد التقاليد العريقة في الموسيقى خصوصا المصرية
وهي تنفزفي سهرات السماع والطرب
وكانموزج لمقدمة للغنأ المطول أو العزف الألي
وتقوم الوصلة على قطع الية وغنائية متعددة الألوان والايقاعات
ويشترط أن تكون جميعها في مقام واحد نموزجي أساسي ومشتقاته
وتبدأ الوصلة عادة بمقدمة موسيقية ألية خفيفة هي (الدولاب )على المقام الأساسي دون تحويلات مقامية
ثم ( السماعي أو البشرف ) وبعد ذالك تبدأ الفقرة التالية وهي الفاصل الغنائي الجماعي من المنشدين ومعهم المطرب وهذا يسمى ب ( الموشح )
ثم يعقبه فاصل من التقاسيم
الأوبرا مؤلف موسيقي غنائي أوركسترالي لعمل درامي يكتبه الأديب شعرا ، وبالطبع فإنها غير مقيدة بقالب أو اسلوب موسيقي معين ( فيماعدا ألإفتتاحية التي قد توبنى على صيغة ثنائية أوثلاثية ، وقد تصاغ على فورم السوناتا ) وتتحكم قصة وموضوع الأوبرا في الشكل الموسيقي لها ، وفي الجو الدرامي حسب توالي الأحداث في الرواية ، ولذالك لا تتشابه الأوبرات في عدد الفصول أو المناظر ولا عدد الأغنيات الأساسية ( ألأريات ) أو وجودكورال وتكوينه ، وطبيعة اللون الصوتي لأبطال ألأوبرا ....الى أخره : وهكذا فالأوبرا مسرحية شعرية وتؤدى بالغنأ من أول النص حتى أخره ، مع المناظر والملابس وألأخراج المسرحي بكل جوانبه الفنية ، بمصاحبة ألأوركسترا السيمفوني الكبيرو لذالك توصف بأنها العمل الكامل حيث الغنأ والموسيقى والمسرح في أروع صورها : ويكون الغنأ وتوزيع الأدوار حسب الطبقات الصوتية وتقسيمها الفني المتعارف عليه سواء للأدوار الفردية ( الصوليست )أو لأصوات مجموعة الكورال ، وهي السوبرانو ._الألتو _ التينور _ الباص _ وتقسيماتها الفنية الأخرى ، وتتخلل الأوبرا الأغنيات الفردية أو الزوجية التي يصطلح عليها ب . الإريات _ جمع إريا لتقوم بدورها العاطفي والدرامي في القصة ، ولأن العنصر الموسيقي هو الأهم بين العناصر الفنية الأخرى المكونة للأوبرا ، فالأوبرات تنسب دائما لمؤلفها الموسيقار ، أما أسمأ مؤلف الرواية أو كاتب النص الشعري أو المخرج أو المغنون حتى الأدوار الرئيسية منها ليس لهم ذات أهمية ، وقد تترجم الى عدة لغات والأصل الموسيقي يبقى كما هودون أي تغيير ، والمستمع أو المشاهد تعنيه الموسيقى والغنأ بالدرجة الأولى ولولم يفهم حرفا واحدا من النص ، ومن خلال الموسيقى يستطيع أن يكون فكرة عامة عن القصة وعن المحتوى العام عن كل فصل . وتوجد من الأوبرات عدة نوعيات منها : _ الأوبرا الخفيفة (بسوفا ) وهي الأوبرا ذات الموضوع المرح الخفيف ، وتتميز بأحتوائها أحيانا على أجزأ صغيرة قد تؤدى بلغة الحوار الكلامي العادي
وبالطبع ألحانها ليست في قوة ودقة الحان الأوبرا العادية الجادة ، ولكنها ليست أيضا في بساطة ألحان ألأوبريتات ، ولكن تتميز ألأفتتاحيات لتلك النوعية بموسيقاها البراقة الجميلة التي تشتهر عادة وتصبح معزوفة أوركسترالية في حد ذاتها وقد ظهرت هذه النوعية من الأوبرات في إطاليا مع بداية القرن 18 ، ثم إنتقلت الى فرنسا ووأشتهرت هناك حتى خصصت لها دار أوبرا خاصة لعرض الأوبرات الخفيفة وحدها . ومن أهم أمثلة تلك النوعية : أوبرا _ حلاق أشبيلية ل . روسيني . أوبرا _دون جوان ل .موتسارت.
الأوبرا الجادة ( سيريا(وهي تسمى عادة هكذا أوالدراما الموسيقية وهي تتميز بقصصهاالجادة التراجيدية الأسطورية والتاريخية التي تحفل عادة بالمأسي والمواقف الإنسانية الحادة ، وبالطبع فإن ألحانها تتصف بالجدية والعمق والوقار حسب طبيعة الأحداث والمواقف في الأوبرا ، وتتطلب العناية والدقة في الصياغة وفي البنأ الموسيقي من بدايتها حتى نهايتها ، وأيضا تكتب لها افتتاحيات بنفس بنفس العناية حتى تستطيع ان تعبر بوضو عن الجو العام الذي يعد المستمع أو المشاهد لتتبع الأحداث في الأوبرا ومن أمثلة تلك النوعية: أوبرا عايدة ل . فردي ،أوبرا هطيل ل فردي : أوبرا توسكا ل بوتشيني....
تعريف وبيان لمصطلحات الهندسة الصوتية:
تعريف وبيان لمصطلحات الهندسة الصوتية:
1) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها قبل التسجيل سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ).
قبل التسجيل .. تأكد من التوصيلات ومستوى دخول وخروج الصوت .. ووزن المايك أمام المطرب .. والتأكد من عدم وجود noise فى الكابلات
2) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها أثناء التسجيل سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ).
أثناء التسجيل .. توجيه المطرب في حالة اذا احتاج الى ذلك .. والروتين المعروف في الانتقال من تراك إلى أخر ..
3) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها بعد التسجيل وقبل المكساج سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ)، طبعاً أقصد هنا (تنظيف الأصوات - التصفية - القص والحذف - الترتيب والتنظيم - الخ).
تأخذ راحة .. حتى تسترخى الاذن لان الاذن تحتوى على كومبرسور وليميتر يتأثران بالاصوات بالتالى يجب ان تسترخى بعد الوقت بعد التسجيل
4) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها أثناء المكساج سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ)، طبعاً أقصد هنا ما هي القواعد والضوابط لاستعمال (الصدى - التكرار - الخلفيات - الخ)، وما الذي يستعمل فيها وما الذي لا يستعمل فيها.
أول ماتبدأ فيه .. تنظيف التراكات من الزوائد وتأكد من خلوها من الكليبات Pops حتى لا تؤثر على العمل .. ومن ثم تبدأ في وزن التراكات .. وطبعا ستكون قد وزعت الصوت على السماعتين ..
فمستوى الصوت تبدأ تدريجيا بما يلي ..
1_ المطرب 2_ الكوراس 3_ الخلفيات والارضيات Backgrounds والهارمونيات ..
ومن ثم اضافة الفلاتر حسب وضعية المادة المسجلة ..
وهى Desser+Reverb + Delay +Eq +compressor
يفضل ان يكون الميكس فى صوت منخفض حتى تستطيع اذنك استقبال كافة الاصوات ولمعرفة الارتفاعات الموجوده
5) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها بعد المكساج وقبل الإخراج سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ)، طبعاً أقصد هنا (حفظ الملكية - فن الإخراج - الخ).
بعد المكس .. تقفل المشروع وتريّح وبعدها تسمع العمل أكثر من مرة في الاستديو وفي السيارة حتى تشوف اذا فيه حاجة تحتاج تعديل ..
6) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها بعد إخراج العمل سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ).
لاتنسى ان الميكس هو الخطوه الاولى فى انتاج الاغانى ولكن هناك مرحلة ثانية وهى الاهم طبعاً وهى الماسترينج وهو مايقال عنه ضبط الاغنية لتكون جاهزه للعرض على جميع الاجهزه الصوتية وايضا معالجة بعض اخطاء الميكس
الهندسة الصوتية فن وذوق وحس ومزاج رايق وصبر
- التشييك على الأجهزة وتوصيلاتها.
- قبل التسجيل اترك مدة زمنية قدرها (30 ثانية) في صمت عميق حتى ترى صفاوة التسجيل وضبطه وذلك إذا لم تظهر تلك الخطوط المتعرجة.
- الهدوء وعدم الإنشغال بالجوال أو الكلام وخلافه إلا في مجال التعليم.
- أولاً احتفظ بنسخة أخرى من التسجيل بعيداً عن التي تعمل عليها وذلك للاحتياط.
تنظيف الأصوات من ناحية (الفراغات بين الكلمات ما هي الضوابط في التحكم بها وكيفية ذلك) - (الهواء) - (طقطقة الماكروفونات) - (الصفير الزائد الخارج مع حروف الصفير فإني سمعت أن هناك فلتر لها خاص) - (إذا دخل صوت عرضي بالخطأ على التسجيل ولا يمكن أن تسجله مرة أخرى كيفية العمل في هذه الحالة) - (كيفية الحذف عموما وما هو الأشياء التي تحذف) - (الزوائد) .
ساتحدث بايجاز عن تجهيز عمل ما يضم ايضا بعض المعلومات التي تختص بالتوزيع والهندسة الصوتية:
مرحلة الاعداد1- جمع المادة المناسبة للعمل فليس كل ما يكتب يكون مناسب.
1) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها قبل التسجيل سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ).
قبل التسجيل .. تأكد من التوصيلات ومستوى دخول وخروج الصوت .. ووزن المايك أمام المطرب .. والتأكد من عدم وجود noise فى الكابلات
2) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها أثناء التسجيل سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ).
أثناء التسجيل .. توجيه المطرب في حالة اذا احتاج الى ذلك .. والروتين المعروف في الانتقال من تراك إلى أخر ..
3) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها بعد التسجيل وقبل المكساج سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ)، طبعاً أقصد هنا (تنظيف الأصوات - التصفية - القص والحذف - الترتيب والتنظيم - الخ).
تأخذ راحة .. حتى تسترخى الاذن لان الاذن تحتوى على كومبرسور وليميتر يتأثران بالاصوات بالتالى يجب ان تسترخى بعد الوقت بعد التسجيل
4) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها أثناء المكساج سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ)، طبعاً أقصد هنا ما هي القواعد والضوابط لاستعمال (الصدى - التكرار - الخلفيات - الخ)، وما الذي يستعمل فيها وما الذي لا يستعمل فيها.
أول ماتبدأ فيه .. تنظيف التراكات من الزوائد وتأكد من خلوها من الكليبات Pops حتى لا تؤثر على العمل .. ومن ثم تبدأ في وزن التراكات .. وطبعا ستكون قد وزعت الصوت على السماعتين ..
فمستوى الصوت تبدأ تدريجيا بما يلي ..
1_ المطرب 2_ الكوراس 3_ الخلفيات والارضيات Backgrounds والهارمونيات ..
ومن ثم اضافة الفلاتر حسب وضعية المادة المسجلة ..
وهى Desser+Reverb + Delay +Eq +compressor
يفضل ان يكون الميكس فى صوت منخفض حتى تستطيع اذنك استقبال كافة الاصوات ولمعرفة الارتفاعات الموجوده
5) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها بعد المكساج وقبل الإخراج سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ)، طبعاً أقصد هنا (حفظ الملكية - فن الإخراج - الخ).
بعد المكس .. تقفل المشروع وتريّح وبعدها تسمع العمل أكثر من مرة في الاستديو وفي السيارة حتى تشوف اذا فيه حاجة تحتاج تعديل ..
6) ما هي الأشياء اللازمة عملها بعد إخراج العمل سواءٌ كانت (برامج - أجهزة - فلاتر - أمور عملية أخرى - الخ).
لاتنسى ان الميكس هو الخطوه الاولى فى انتاج الاغانى ولكن هناك مرحلة ثانية وهى الاهم طبعاً وهى الماسترينج وهو مايقال عنه ضبط الاغنية لتكون جاهزه للعرض على جميع الاجهزه الصوتية وايضا معالجة بعض اخطاء الميكس
الهندسة الصوتية فن وذوق وحس ومزاج رايق وصبر
- التشييك على الأجهزة وتوصيلاتها.
- قبل التسجيل اترك مدة زمنية قدرها (30 ثانية) في صمت عميق حتى ترى صفاوة التسجيل وضبطه وذلك إذا لم تظهر تلك الخطوط المتعرجة.
- الهدوء وعدم الإنشغال بالجوال أو الكلام وخلافه إلا في مجال التعليم.
- أولاً احتفظ بنسخة أخرى من التسجيل بعيداً عن التي تعمل عليها وذلك للاحتياط.
تنظيف الأصوات من ناحية (الفراغات بين الكلمات ما هي الضوابط في التحكم بها وكيفية ذلك) - (الهواء) - (طقطقة الماكروفونات) - (الصفير الزائد الخارج مع حروف الصفير فإني سمعت أن هناك فلتر لها خاص) - (إذا دخل صوت عرضي بالخطأ على التسجيل ولا يمكن أن تسجله مرة أخرى كيفية العمل في هذه الحالة) - (كيفية الحذف عموما وما هو الأشياء التي تحذف) - (الزوائد) .
ساتحدث بايجاز عن تجهيز عمل ما يضم ايضا بعض المعلومات التي تختص بالتوزيع والهندسة الصوتية:
مرحلة الاعداد1- جمع المادة المناسبة للعمل فليس كل ما يكتب يكون مناسب.
2- اختيار اللحن المناسب للعمل3- اختيار المقام المناسب فكل محتوى وكل معنى له مقامه الخاص به .4- تحديد فكره التوزيع والتقسيم فنحدد ما سيكون فردي وما سيكون كورال الخ...
مرحلة التسجيل1- اخذ التيك والمقصود به هو وزن درجة الالتقاط للمايك لصوت المطرب حتى لا نحصل على صوت عالي او العكس.2- اختيار الايقاع المناسب للعمل ان كنت ممن يسمع ذلك3- تسجيل المطرب4- تسجيل الكورال كالتالي : اساسي - جواب - قرار - هارموني5- يحبذ بعد ذلك اعادة تسجيل المطرب لانه سيكون أقوى واكثر معايشه لجو العمل (اختياري) بالمزاج يعنيمرحلة ترتيب العمل:1- قص الاضافات التي لا تحتاجها.2- ضبط التراكات من ناحية ان كان هناك تقديم او تاخير.3- ضبط ال in & out الدخول والخروج.4- اعداد قنوات الاوكس Aux5- توزيع السماعات
مرحلة المكساج ستحتاج كلا من Eq + Compressor + Reverb + Delay >>>>Etc حسب مايحتاج العمل1- سماع العمل كاملا ومتابعة المرتفع منه والمنخفض ومن ثم ضبطه بدرجة واحده2- اضافة الريفيرب للمطرب.3- اضافة الديلي للمطرب مع المحافظة على التناسب مع العمل. 4- اضافة الريفيرب للكورال الاساسي مع ملاحظة كتم الاصوات الباقية حتى تكون عملية المكسجه دقيقة5- اضافة الريفيرب للجواب والقرار مع كتم الاصوات الباقيه6- اضافة الريفيرب للهارموني ايضا مع كتم الاصوات الباقيه7- نفس الطريقة للديلي ان كان بحاجة لها8- اضافة الفلاتر الاخرى للمقاطع الجزئية في كلمة ما او مقطع ما9- ضبط الـ Fade in وكذلك الـ fade out
مرحلة تصدير العمل Export1- يصدر العمل ليصبح ملف واحد بصيغة الويف
مرحلة الماسترنج
1- فلتر الهسيس deeser من ضمن فلاتر الويفيز
2- فلتر الهواء noise كذلك من ضمن فلاتر الويفيز
3- فلتر الليمتر لضبط الصوت بدرجة واحده
مرحلة التسجيل1- اخذ التيك والمقصود به هو وزن درجة الالتقاط للمايك لصوت المطرب حتى لا نحصل على صوت عالي او العكس.2- اختيار الايقاع المناسب للعمل ان كنت ممن يسمع ذلك3- تسجيل المطرب4- تسجيل الكورال كالتالي : اساسي - جواب - قرار - هارموني5- يحبذ بعد ذلك اعادة تسجيل المطرب لانه سيكون أقوى واكثر معايشه لجو العمل (اختياري) بالمزاج يعنيمرحلة ترتيب العمل:1- قص الاضافات التي لا تحتاجها.2- ضبط التراكات من ناحية ان كان هناك تقديم او تاخير.3- ضبط ال in & out الدخول والخروج.4- اعداد قنوات الاوكس Aux5- توزيع السماعات
مرحلة المكساج ستحتاج كلا من Eq + Compressor + Reverb + Delay >>>>Etc حسب مايحتاج العمل1- سماع العمل كاملا ومتابعة المرتفع منه والمنخفض ومن ثم ضبطه بدرجة واحده2- اضافة الريفيرب للمطرب.3- اضافة الديلي للمطرب مع المحافظة على التناسب مع العمل. 4- اضافة الريفيرب للكورال الاساسي مع ملاحظة كتم الاصوات الباقية حتى تكون عملية المكسجه دقيقة5- اضافة الريفيرب للجواب والقرار مع كتم الاصوات الباقيه6- اضافة الريفيرب للهارموني ايضا مع كتم الاصوات الباقيه7- نفس الطريقة للديلي ان كان بحاجة لها8- اضافة الفلاتر الاخرى للمقاطع الجزئية في كلمة ما او مقطع ما9- ضبط الـ Fade in وكذلك الـ fade out
مرحلة تصدير العمل Export1- يصدر العمل ليصبح ملف واحد بصيغة الويف
مرحلة الماسترنج
1- فلتر الهسيس deeser من ضمن فلاتر الويفيز
2- فلتر الهواء noise كذلك من ضمن فلاتر الويفيز
3- فلتر الليمتر لضبط الصوت بدرجة واحده
4 - ضبط الايكولايزر من تفتيح وتكتيم
5- فلتر linq broad band لضبط السبكتروقرام وجعل الصوت عند 16000 khz6- فلتر الـ hum لتخفيف الدروبات ان كان هناك اي دروب
7- تطبيق هذه الفلاتر على مقاييسها visualization الخاصه بكل فلتر
ملاحظة كل عملية من عمليات الماسترنج يحفظ بعدها العمل ويطبق الفلتر الذي يليه لان بعض الفلاتر قد تقوم بعملية تغيير للصوت وكذلك لسرعة التطبيق كل واحد على حده
بيتدور على ايه وانا هنا جنبك بتدور على ايه وحضنة...
بعض من اعمالى: بيتدور على ايه وانا هنا جنبك بتدور على ايه وحضنة...: بيتدور على ايه وانا هنا جنبك بتدور على ايه وحضنة عيونى قلبك مستغرب حقيقى كثير فين الوفاء والاخلاص فين المحبه حبة حد يشاورلو ياناس هو شايف...
ارجعى مـــ تصدقيش
بعض من اعمالى: ارجعى مـــ تصدقيش: ارجعى مـــ تصدقيش ارفضى مـــ تودعيش .. صدقى انى وقلبى ... بعد حبك ليه نعيش .. ارجعى و مـــ تبعديش .. ارجعى مــ تصدقيش .. خلى احساسى يق...
( English ) ( William Shakespeare )
- بعض من اعمالى: ( English ) ( William Shakespeare ): Writer and dramatist, and English poet, was born (baptized) in the April 26, 1564 AD - April 23, 1616 the church starte...
نفسى
نفسى الاقى ياناس وجودى نفسى افرح بين جدودى مش امشى وسافر ولف فــ بواخر
او ارسى فى مينه او انزل مدينة لا ليه فيها صاح ولا شقيق ولا عارف فين اخر
الطريق .... ؟
رساله الى كل مصرى ينوى السفر ... رساله الى كل مصرى فات مصرى وسط المطر
رساله بقولها وهفضل اقولها .... اثبت مكانك وابعد شيطانك ... واياك تفكر يوم فى السفر
هو هروبك شئ يتستر .. ولا جبنك يمحى الخطر .. ولا مكانك مبقاش زمانك هتمشى بعيد فى سكة سفر .. ؟
رساله الى كل مصرى ينوى السفر ... رساله الى كل مصرى فات مصرى وسط المطر
رساله بقولها وهفضل اقولها .... اثبت مكانك وابعد شيطانك ... واياك تفكر يوم فى السفر
هو هروبك شئ يتستر .. ولا جبنك يمحى الخطر .. ولا مكانك مبقاش زمانك هتمشى بعيد فى سكة سفر .. ؟
بيتدور على ايه وانا هنا جنبك بتدور على ايه وحضنة عيونى قلبك مستغرب حقيقى
كثير فين الوفاء والاخلاص فين المحبه حبة حد يشاورلو ياناس هو شايفنى ونا
جنبه ولا على باله عيونى حبه يمد اديه حتى نظرة عنيه بتقول كلام معرفتش
اجاوب عليه صعبه الحياة من غيرك حبيبى صعبه الحياة بتدور عليه ولا بتدور
عليها انت شايفنى ولا شايف عنيها عايز تروح لـــ فين وانا هوصفلك طريق بس
اوعى قلبى يقابلك فى وسط الطريق ساعتها هقولك بتدور على ايه بتدور على ايه
تصدق ولا متصدقش
تصدق ولا متصدقش اصلها حالة
ومتفرقش غصب عنك او بارادتك تمشى وتسرح بين الكون جوه فى قلبك شئ مكنون اه
لو تعرف يا مجنون ان الدنيا دى شبه جنون فيها الحب ميتعوضش هنى وبارك
ومتجرحش اصل الجرح ده غالى علينا تبكى وتفرح متبينش صدق قلبك وامشى وراه هو
يدلك ومتسرحش تصدق ولا متصدقش اصلها حاله ومتفرقش
اشتاقلك اضحكلك
اشتاقلك اضحكلك تكرهنى
الضحكة من كثر ما قلبى هيئلك اجمل ايام العمر وسنين بتفوت على بالى مقدرش
خلاص اسمحلك انى ابعت من تانى واشتاقلك ماخلاص الحب ناسانى و شطبت انا
عنوانى راح ارجع اعيده من تانى وتذكر قلب انانى باعنى ولا شاف حرمانى من حب
فقلب انانى اشتقلك متهيئلك انا قلبى خلاص فاض بيه من حب وحيره انا همحيه
وهفكر من تانى اصحيه من بحر الحب اللى ناسية
استنيتك يا ضنايا
استنيتك يا ضنايا ترجعنى تانى
وتلملم آلامى من السهر .. اشتقت ياما وياريتك جيت .. تقولى ياماما انا حنيت
ليك ضنايا واستنى فيك ترجعنى تانى مالاقيتك جيت ,, مصر حنيت ليك ياقلبى
وانت ما استنيت .. ياريتك جيت .. وحشنى تانى يا نور ماجانى فى ليل سهرته
ويوم ميلادك سنه حلوه ..ياجميل مصر ناديت وانت الجميل ..
عملنا فيهم خير قابلونا بــ ضده
عملنا فيهم خير قابلونا بــ
ضده ..! علمناهم الحب خسرونا وده .؟ اشتاقنا ليهم ياما طبعهم غدر وخيانه لا
يا قلبى سيبك منهم لا عتاب ولا كتر ملامه .. ! لا يا قلبى سيبهم مش دول
اللى انت حبيبهم دول طلعو ناس تانين ملهمش ناس غاليين حتى اللى بعدينا
هايقولو ناس خاينين ..
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